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サーバー周りを設定 Ruby on RailsやPython Djangoの開発でも必要になりそうなサーバーをインストールする。 いわゆるLAMP。 まずはApacheとSSLとPHP コマンドやファイル編集内容をずらずらと羅列 パッケージをインストール sudo apt-get install apache2 php5 libapache2-mod-php5 sudo apt-get install openssl SSLの鍵を作成 sudo mkdir /etc/apache2/ssl sudo /usr/sbin/make-ssl-cert /usr/share/ssl-cert/ssleay.cnf /etc/apache2/ssl/apache.pem 設定ファイルの作成（リンク）と編集 sudo ln -s /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default-ssl sudo vi /etc/apache2/ssl/default-ssl 編集内容（default-ssl） SSLCertificateFile /etc/apache2/ssl/apache.pem #SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/apache2/ssl/apache.pem その他コマンド サーバーが起動しない、エラーが起こるなどの時は試してみる Apache起動 sudo service apache2 start Apache再起動 sudo service apache2 restart mod有効化 sudo a2enmod ssl sudo a2enmod php5 http //www.dbonline.jp/phpmyadmin/setting/index1.html ブラウザで確認。両方確認しとく。 https //localhost/ http //localhost/ 次にMySQLとphpMyadmin MySQLと基本的なPHP系のライブラリを。 このとき MySQL のrootパスワードの設定を求められるので決めておく。 sudo apt-get install mysql-client mysql-server php5-dev php5-cli php5-common php-pear php5-mysql php5-mcrypt php5-dev php5-mhash php5-gd php5-xsl php5-xmlrpc phpMyadminを入手する www.phpmyadmin.net で対象のURIを確認 ファイル名なんとかならんか……ブラウザでダウンロードするのが良いかもしれない。 sudo mv phpMyAdmin-3.5.3-all-languages.tar.gz /var/www cd /var/www sudo tar zxf phpMyAdmin-3.5.3-all-languages.tar.gz sudo mv phpMyAdmin-3.1.1-all-languages phpmyadmin phpMyAdmin用のデータベースとユーザーを作成しとく mysql -u root -p Enter password ******** 以下SQLプロンプト grant USAGE on mysql.* pma@localhost identfied by pmapass ; exit mysql -u pma -p phpmyadmin/examples/create_table.sql Enter password (pmapass) エラーがでなければ作成OK。 クッキー用文字列を生成。 sudo apt-get install libstring-mkpasswd-perl mkpasswd.pl -l 46 (ランダムな文字列が表示されるのでコピーしとく) config.sample.inc.php を config.inc.php にコピーして編集。 cd ./phpmyadmin sudo cp config.sample.inc.php config.inc.php sudo vi config.inc.php 下記の行にランダムな文字列を入力する。コピーしといたやつ $cfg[ blowfish_secret ] = ********** ; この辺のコメントアウト外しておく。最初の３つは作成したユーザー名とかパスワードを入れる。 /* User used to manipulate with storage */ $cfg[ Servers ][$i][ controlhost ] = localhost ; $cfg[ Servers ][$i][ controluser ] = pma ; $cfg[ Servers ][$i][ controlpass ] = pmapass ; /* Storage database and tables */ $cfg[ Servers ][$i][ pmadb ] = phpmyadmin ; $cfg[ Servers ][$i][ bookmarktable ] = pma_bookmark ; $cfg[ Servers ][$i][ relation ] = pma_relation ; $cfg[ Servers ][$i][ table_info ] = pma_table_info ; $cfg[ Servers ][$i][ table_coords ] = pma_table_coords ; $cfg[ Servers ][$i][ pdf_pages ] = pma_pdf_pages ; $cfg[ Servers ][$i][ column_info ] = pma_column_info ; $cfg[ Servers ][$i][ history ] = pma_history ; $cfg[ Servers ][$i][ table_uiprefs ] = pma_table_uiprefs ; $cfg[ Servers ][$i][ tracking ] = pma_tracking ; $cfg[ Servers ][$i][ designer_coords ] = pma_designer_coords ; $cfg[ Servers ][$i][ userconfig ] = pma_userconfig ; $cfg[ Servers ][$i][ recent ] = pma_recent ; これでOK サーバー再起動させて確認 http //localhost/phpmyadmin/ とりあえず root でログインして、画面下部にエラーとか警告が出てないことを確認し、 適当なユーザーを作っておしまい。 自分の場合は、Rails開発用を想定してるので rails_dev@localhost を作った。
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Guerrilla translation ウィキペディアは、自由に翻訳してよい百科辞典です。これを翻訳して、日本語版にしていく過程を紹介します。 赤字は、要調査、用語の確認箇所。 ＜翻訳中＞ 翻訳開始日0823 進捗状況 約0%ぐらい。 翻訳の出典： http //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infoshop en Infoshop 2007-08-03Tより翻訳。主な執筆者 By Nihila, Mikkalai, Apeloverage, SchuminWeb, Frymaster,他。 Infoshop This article is about anarchist social centers. For the anarchist website of the same name, see Infoshop.org. 本稿は、アナキストの社会センターについての記述です。同じ名前のアナキストのウェブサイトのために、Infoshop.org.を見てください An infoshop is a storefront or social center that serves as a node for the distribution of anarchist information, typically in the form of books, zines, stickers and posters. Infoshops often serve as a meeting space and resource hub for local activist groups. インフォショップ (infoshop)は、典型的には、本、ジン、ステッカーとポスターの形式での、アナキズムの情報配布のためのノードとして用いられる、ショップ、または社会センターを指す。インフォショップは、しばしば地元のアクティヴィストのグループのための会議スペースと情報源のハブとして用いられる。 Infoshops are particularly prevalent in Western Europe and North America, but can be found around the world. According to an Utne Reader article, author Chris Atton describes British infoshops as having grown out of the squatted anarchist centres of the 1980s, such as the 121 Centre in Brixton, London. Street Libraries Infoshops and Alternative Reading Rooms Another big influence was the regular European-wide International Infoshop Meetings of the 1990s. インフォショップは特に西ヨーロッパと北アメリカで一般的であるが、世界中で見つけることができる。Utne Reader記事によると、著者クリス・アトンは、英国のインフォショップを「1980年代に、（例えば、ロンドンのブリクストンの121センターのような）不法占拠されたアナキズム・センターから成長した」と述べている。［1］他の大きい影響としては、1990年代の規則的なヨーロッパの広いインターナショナル・インフォショップ・ミーティングがあった。 Writing in Maximum RocknRoll, librarian Chuck Munson places North American infoshops in the lineage of Vietnam War era peace and justice centers.Maximumrocknroll article on infoshops Maximum RocknRollを書き込んで、司書チャックマンソンは、ヴェトナム戦争時代平和と司法センターの血統で、北アメリカ・インフォショップを置きます。[2] In June of 2006, the Infoshop Network, a network spanning Canada and the United States, was formed at the Infoshop Gathering in Baltimore, Maryland.The Infoshop Network 2006年6月に、インフォショップ・ネットワーク（カナダとアメリカ合衆国にわたっているネットワーク）は、ボルチモア（メリーランド）で、インフォショップ・ギャザリングでつくられました。[3] Other uses of the term Ironically, the World Bank, an institution whose meetings have been targeted by leftist and anarchist demonstrators, also operates a bookstore called The InfoShop . The World Bank describes its Washington DC based store as a one-stop shop for economic development literature and for information on World Bank project activities. The InfoShop at worldbank.org 語の他の用法 皮肉にも、世界銀行（会議が左翼とアナキズムのデモンストレーション参加者によって目標とされた機関）もまた、「インフォショップ」と呼ばれる書店を運営する。世界銀行は、そのワシントンDCが「経済発展文献のための、そして、世界銀行プロジェクト活動に関する情報がなんでもそろっているショップ」としてショップの基礎を形成したことを記述します。[4] Noteworthy infoshops Arise! Bookstore, Minneapolis, Minnesota Barricade Books, Melbourne, Australia Bluestockings, New York City Brian MacKenzie Infoshop, Washington, DC Catalyst Infoshop, Prescott, Arizona Freedom Shop, Wellington New Zealand Internationalist Books, Chapel Hill, North Carolina [1] Iron Rail Book Collective, New Orleans [2] The Long Haul, Berkeley, California [3] Lucy Parsons Center, Boston, Massachusetts Jura Books, Sydney Australia The Old Market Autonomous Zone, Winnipeg, Canada [4] Red Emma's Bookstore Coffeehouse, Baltimore, Maryland Salon Mazal, Tel Aviv, Israel [5] Wooden Shoe Books, Philadelphia [6] MadRatz! Infoshop♥Atlanta, Georgia 注目すべきインフォショップ Arise! Bookstore, Minneapolis, Minnesota Arise!書店, ミネアポリス, ミネソタ Barricade Books, Melbourne, Australia バリケード書店, メルボルン, オーストラリア Bluestockings, New York City 才女, ニューヨーク市 Brian MacKenzie Infoshop, Washington, DC ブライアン・マッケンジーInfoshop, ワシントン、DC Catalyst Infoshop, Prescott, Arizona カタリスト・Infoshop, プレスコット、アリゾナ Freedom Shop, Wellington New Zealand フリーダム・ショップ, ウエリントン、ニュージーランド Internationalist Books, Chapel Hill, North Carolina [1] インターナショナリスト・ブックス, チャペルヒル、ノースカロライナ [1] Iron Rail Book Collective, New Orleans [2] アイロン・レイル・ブック・コレクティヴ、 ニューオリンズ [2] The Long Haul, Berkeley, California [3] 長距離, バークレー, カリフォルニア [3] Lucy Parsons Center, Boston, Massachusetts ルーシー・パーソンズ・センター, ボストン、マサチューセッツ Jura Books, Sydney Australia ジュラ本, シドニー オーストラリア The Old Market Autonomous Zone, Winnipeg, Canada [4] 古い市場自主的な地帯, ウィニペグ, カナダ [4] Red Emma s Bookstore Coffeehouse, Baltimore, Maryland 赤いエマの本屋喫茶店, ボルチモア、メリーランド Salon Mazal, Tel Aviv, Israel [5] サロン・マツァール, テルアビブ, イスラエル [5] Wooden Shoe Books, Philadelphia [6] 木靴書店, フィラデルフィア [6] MadRatz! Infoshop♥Atlanta, Georgia MadRatz！Infoshop アトランタ、ジョージア See also Infoshop.org References Template reflist External links Street Libraries Infoshops and Alternative Reading Rooms The Infoshop Network (US Canada) Comprehensive list of infoshops worldwide, via the Anarchist Yellow Pages. French speaking Infoshops The Living Room documentary, a film about infoshop culture 外部リンク Street Libraries Infoshops and Alternative Reading Rooms 通り図書館：Infoshopsと代わりの閲覧室 The Infoshop Network (US Canada) Infoshopネットワーク (我々とカナダ) Comprehensive list of infoshops worldwide, via the Anarchist Yellow Pages. 世界的なinfoshopsの包括的なリスト（Anarchist職業別電話帳を経た）。 French speaking Infoshops フランス語を話すInfoshops The Living Room documentary, a film about infoshop culture Living Roomドキュメンタリー、infoshop文化についての映画
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便利なサイト Yahoo! JAPANのサイト Wilstar's Holiday World---enjoyable JALTCALL 2005 and others -- wiki mania (2005-06-06 18 45 27) 関西８大学の英語, etc.知らないとは驚き！ -- 入試マニア (2005-06-07 21 12 25) ピアジェ（2003年度・心理学演習I：ミニマムサイコロジーを作るより） -- mf_lab (2005-06-09 03 01 21) ピアジェ（主要な心理学者＆主要研究より） -- mf_lab (2005-06-09 03 07 21) ピアジェ、エリクソン、ヴィゴツキー -- mf_lab (2005-06-09 03 12 25) Mac CEO keynote 2005 - Mac will go with Intel chips!! -- Mac freaks (2005-06-21 04 18 25) Moodle workshops -- Moodle mania (2005-06-22 21 04 37) Thank you for exciting info about workshops. I am very eager to attend the Moodle workshops but I cannot. Unfortunately, I ve got a job on Saturday morning of July 30. Maybe I will be able to attend the conference on Saturday afternoon? -- mf_lab (2005-06-23 03 46 52) Wimba Desktop Lecture Series via Internet -- Conference watcher (2005-06-24 12 21 37) If you are serious in Linus, a good news! 最新のLinux OS「Turbolinux 10 Desktop Basic」をプリインストールした -- Linux mania (2005-07-02 01 27 24) bZNaAf -- yjdsjxqny (2011-08-19 16 54 20) 名前 コメント Private sites LavenderHouse ソーシャルブックマーク---under construction My Photo Gallery Blog in English 名前 コメント NBLT(Network-based Language Teaching) Oxford University Press/Students Site---I happened to find this site. Not only students but teachers can enjoy this site. Try "American Headway". デジオン、サウンド編集ソフト---文字と音声を同期させるのに良いらしい 名前 コメント Statistics 青木先生のHP統計学習ノート---useful 名前 コメント プログラミング ど素人のためのど素人によるSqueak入門---Squeakってまだよくわからないのですが。 インターネット大学・大学院/信州大学CAI進捗状況表示（科目別)---進捗状況の表示が可能となったCAIは公開されています。 Free Java Applets---HPで素材として使用できるJava Appletのフリーソフト。 IT用語辞典e-Words：プログラミング---useful とほほのWWW入門---あまりにも有名。 イヌでもわかるJavaScript講座---useful Japanese Moodle---JALT CALL 2004で紹介されていたMoodle、とある学会でも紹介されていました、でも、思ったほどには普及していないようでーーー 名前 コメント wiki maniaさんに教えていただいた面白そうなサイト Wikiroom---無料のwikiホームページ webshot---“サムネイルが登録可能なソーシャルブックマーク” 統計学習---統計の学習のための便利なサイト 名前 コメント Others "Practical English Usage, Third Edition(Michael Swan)---At last the third edition was published. Geoffrey LeechについてのAmazon.co.jpの検索結果--- 文法書についてはLeechが一番とか、お勧めの１冊はどれなんでしょうね。 名前 コメント
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Social Interaction Definition The way people interact with each other. This includes ways of communcation, how people share physical space, and what they do in the presnse of others. Analysis The Continuity of Relationships in Japan Japanese people tend to perceive that once a relationship has been established, it will continue on forever. Relationships that end are considered to be failed relationships. The Japanese tend to be very cautious to not create disharmonies in relationships, and this is connected to the implicit, non-verbal, high-context atmosphere present in Japanese society. This can be very stressful to foreigners who come from low-context based cultures, where little is implicit and there is no hestation in being direct. For example, Californians tend to make friends easily, and have no concern at all about weather or not the relationship will continue. Spaces for Social Interaction The way in which Japanese people and foreigners spend time with each other varies greatly depending on their environment. Because ICU is located in the metropolis of Tokyo, ICU students main choice of locations for hanging out are city locations. This means going to bars, karaoke, izakayas or to clubs. Japanese people live in tiny apartments, and because houses in Tokyo are so rare, it is uncommon for people to gather in someone s home. This is of great surprise to many of the OYR s, who have spent their college years going to house or dorm parties. Many foreigners become frustrated at the lack of "things to do" despite the fact that they live in Tokyo. Living in a large city is also a new experience for many of the OYRs, who find they have conflicting intrests with their Japanese friends who have already adjusted to city life. Ways of Spending Time ICU students s priorities are completely different from those of their foreign counterparts! While foreign college students place a huge emphasis on partying or just having fun, ICU students place a much greater and more time-consuming emphasis on their studies. Examples Excuses ICU students do not have the time to get in touch with one another because of time constraints. From the American s point of view, ICU students tend to use their lack of time as an excuse to avoid certain social situations. College students in America also condsider themselves busy, but rather than use this as an exuse to not go, it encourages them to work harder to make time to play, even if they dont actually have that time. Physical Difficulty Lack of transportation causes problems for ICU students. Since the last train for the Chuo line comes earlier than that of Yamanote line and also the last bus from ICU leaves before 12pm, people cannot hold parties until midnight. In addition, because ICU is in an urban area, ICU students are not allowed to come to school by car. Therefore, the train and bus scheudles are of great importance to those who do not live close enough to come by bike. However, in most of the American universities, students have cars or live on campus/near enough to campus to simply walk home after parties or other activities that may run late. Commuting from home There are many peple who commute from their home to ICU everyday. Almost half of the students at ICU are from the Tokyo area; therefore, lots of students live with their parents. Not only does this cause physical difficuties related to distance but also the issue of where to eat dinner. Sharing meals is a key component when it comes to informal social interaction, especially at the college level. Those who live at home always have dinner waiting for them if they chose not to go out, and this causes a conflict between Curfew Problem Curfews are very common in Japan, for those in dorms and those living at home. While the curfew may be at a reasonable time, because of commute time, many students have to leave activities earlier than what most OYR students consider normal. The dorm curfews also mean that dorm parties are definitely not possible. Solution The Japanse way of making friends is stressful, however, this is the Japanese style. This style and society are based on the Japanese sense of values. Young Japanese people who are aware of this have a choice to make when they are in a situation to create new friends, They can follow the traditional Japanese relationship values, or take on a new perspective more in tune with that of most OYRs at ICU. ICU students may not be able to change into this style. If ICU students change their style of making new friends, then they leave behind much of their Japanese identity, and this will probably cause tension when trying to make friends with other Japanese people. The important fact is to know one s own style and to be aware that someone else s style may be different. For example, when a Japanese person meets an American person for the first time, the Japanese person may think that "She must have come from the US, so her style may be making friends more directly" At the same time, the American person may think that "She is Japanese, so she might get to know me in the maainotsumekata (間合いの詰め方) approach style." By knowing each others style, it is possible to prevent misunderstandings. Thinking about another style in this way is truely international communication. However, instead of saying that Japanese people "should change the style," it is better to say that people should not deny the different styles Denying would lead to opposition. Good intercultural communication cannot be established if one side denies the other culture. Mutual understanding of each other s culture is the most important thing. The ways to make friends are different for each person, so to accept variety is necessary. Edit this page
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PHPインストールの前に、Mysqlをインストールしておくこと ■MySQLインストール [root@centos ~]# yum -y install mysql-server ← mysql-serverインストール ■MySQL設定 [root@centos ~]# vi /etc/my.cnf ← MySQL設定ファイル編集 [mysqld] datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock # Default to using old password format for compatibility with mysql 3.x # clients old_passwords=1 default-character-set = utf8 ← 追加(MySQLサーバーの文字コードをUTF-8にする) 以下を追加(MySQLクライアントの文字コードをUTF-8にする) [mysql] default-character-set = utf8 ■MySQL起動 [root@centos ~]# /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysqld start ← MySQL起動 MySQL データベースを初期化中 Installing all prepared tables Fill help tables To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER ! To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password new-password /usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h centos.centossrv.com password new-password See the manual for more instructions. You can start the MySQL daemon with cd /usr ; /usr/bin/mysqld_safe You can test the MySQL daemon with the benchmarks in the sql-bench directory cd sql-bench ; perl run-all-tests Please report any problems with the /usr/bin/mysqlbug script! The latest information about MySQL is available on the web at http //www.mysql.com Support MySQL by buying support/licenses at http //shop.mysql.com [ OK ] MySQL を起動中 [ OK ] [root@centos ~]# chkconfig mysqld on ← MySQL自動起動設定 [root@centos ~]# chkconfig --list mysqld ← MySQL自動起動設定確認 mysqld 0 off 1 off 2 on 3 on 4 on 5 on 6 off ← ランレベル2～5のonを確認 #wget php-5.2.12.tar.gz #tar zxvf php-5.2.12.tar.gz #cd php-5.2.12 #./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php --enable-mbstring --with-apxs2=/usr/sbin/apxs --with-config-file-path=/usr/local/php/lib/ --enable-zend-multibyte --enable-mbregex --with-mime-magic --enable-exif --with-zlib --with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql/ --with-libdir=lib64 ※無いと言われるライブラリはその都度インストール 例：# wget http //www.ijg.org/files/jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz # tar zxvf jpegsrc.v6b.tar.gz # cd jpeg-6b # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local # make # make install 参考：http //greenonions.blog5.fc2.com/blog-entry-36.html # make # make install PHP5設定ファイルコピー # cp php.ini-dist /usr/local/lib/php.ini PHP5利用のためApacheの設定 # vi /etc/httpd/conf.d/php.conf 以下をコピペ LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so AddHandler php5-script .php AddType application/x-httpd-php .php AddType application/x-httpd-php-source .phps DirectoryIndex index.php Apacheをリスタート #/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl restart ※この際、「libphp5.so」が存在しないというエラーが出たら、 LoadModule php5_module modules/libphp5.so この部分を変更しなければならない。 今回は「Makefile」を見たところ、「/home/ota/php-5.2.12/libs/libphp5.so」こんなところにありやがった。 ので、 LoadModule php5_module /home/ota/php-5.2.12/libs/libphp5.so こんな感じになった。 phpinfo();を作成して動作確認 #vi phpinfo.php ? phpinfo(); ? 参考ページ http //centossrv.com/mysql.shtml http //www.makizou.com/archives/1270 http //greenonions.blog5.fc2.com/blog-entry-36.html http //www.oklab.org/language_c/php5_0_2_install_bug.htm http //tonby.sakura.ne.jp/?p=45 http //d.hatena.ne.jp/kyart/20081020/1224480952 http //www.trekdevel.net/archives/14 http //d.hatena.ne.jp/sotarok/20070618/1182174722 http //wassr.jp/user/umq/statuses/n2F7w0id26 http //oshiete1.goo.ne.jp/qa5118360.html
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Electric Motorcycles Scooters Market Analysis and Insights Quince Market Insights (QMI) has released a new research study titled Electric Motorcycles Scooters Market” 2023-2032 analysis by the following subjects “Industry size, share, growth, segmentation, manufacturers and developments, key trends, market drivers, restraints, regulations, distribution methods, opportunities, strategies, potential road maps, and annual forecast until 2032"" Click on Link and Get the PDF Sample Copy (Including FULL TOC, Graphs, and Tables) of this report@ https //www.quincemarketinsights.com/request-sample-61925?Offpagepranali_31March23 An Outline of The Competitive Landscape of The Market This section contains comprehensive data on a number of key Electric Motorcycles Scooters market competitors, as well as information on recent changes, market contributions, and effective marketing methods. The report also provides a dashboard summary of the historical and current performance of the top corporations. Electric Motorcycles Scooters Market Size is part of a competitive market. Electric Motorcycles Scooters have evolved into strategic platforms that provide businesses with a stable foundation and information backbone. As a document, the company included the like Jiangsu Xinri E-Vehicle Co. Ltd. (China), Yadea Group Holdings Ltd. (China), NIU International (China), Hero Electric (India), and Silence Urban Ecomobility (Spain).. Market Growth Driver Battery swapping is a new technology that allows owner of electric vehicle to swap out their dying or dead battries with fully charged one. This development could completely transform the E2W market and improve the comfort and ease of long-distance driving for motorists Key Take away Industry drivers, restraints, and opportunities covered in the study A neutral perspective on the market performance Recent industry trends and developments Competitive landscape strategies of key players Potential niche segments and regions exhibiting promising growth covered Historical, current, and projected market size, in terms of value In-depth analysis of the Electric Motorcycles Scooters Market Industry News In January 2023 Yadea Group (China) launched Yadea Keeness VFD atConsumer Electronics Show (CES) in Las Vegas, Nevada. Keeness VFD model is equipped with a 10KW mid-mounted high-performance motor and features a maximum speed of 100km/h, and an acceleration from 0-50km/h in just 4 seconds. Market Segments The chapters on Electric Motorcycles Scooters segmentation allow the readers to understand consumer needs. It allows the business to grow with precision and accuracy. Analysts have highlighted the elements that are expected to influence the segments in the coming years. The publication segments the market on the basis of technology, services, and products. It details the Electric Motorcycles Scooters revenue earned by each of these segments and their potential in the years to come. ✦ Segmentation ✦ by Vehicle Type (Motorcycles, Scooters), by Battery (Lithium Ion, Sealed Lead Acid), by Range (0-75 Miles, 76-100 Miles, Above 100 Miles), by Voltage (60v, 48v, 36v, Others), by Technology (Plug-In, Battery) What are the key dynamic factors that are detailed in the report? Key Market Dynamics The Global Electric Motorcycles Scooters Market research report details the latest industry trends, growth patterns, and research methodologies. The factors that directly contribute to the growth of the market include the production strategies and methodologies, development platforms, and the product model itself, wherein a small change would result in further changes in the overall report. All of these factors are explained in detail in the research study. Market Outlook The report also sheds light on some of the major factors, including R D, new product launches, M A, agreements, partnerships, joint ventures, collaborations, and growth of the key industry participants, on a regional and global basis. Major Features The report provides a thorough analysis of some of the significant factors, which include cost, capacity, capacity utilization rate, production, revenue, production rate, consumption, import/export, supply/demand, gross, market share, CAGR, and gross margin. Besides, the report provides a comprehensive study of the key influencing factors and market inclinations, in addition to the relevant market segments and sub-segments. Analytical Tools The Global Electric Motorcycles Scooters Market report consists the precisely studied and evaluated information of the key players and their market scope using several analytical tools, including SWOT analysis, Porter’s five forces analysis, investment return analysis, and feasibility study. These tools have been used to efficiently study the growth of major industry participants. Potential Customers The report offers detailed insights to users, service providers, suppliers, manufacturers, stockholders, and individuals who are interested in evaluating and self-studying this market. A Synopsis of The Regional Landscape Of The Market This section of the report provides key insights regarding various regions and the key players operating in each region. Economic, social, environmental, technological, and political factors have been taken into consideration while assessing the growth of the particular region/country. The readers will also get their hands on the value and sales data of each region and country for the period 2023-2032. North America (United States, Canada and Mexico), Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, Southeast Asia and Australia), South America (Brazil, Argentina), Europe (Germany, France, United Kingdom, Russia and Italy), Middle East Africa (UAE, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and South Africa) Report Scope This report aims to provide an extensive presentation of the global market with both qualitative and quantitative analysis, in order to help readers develop business/growth strategies, evaluate the competitive landscape, assess their position in the current market, and make well-informed decisions regarding Electric Motorcycles Scooters Market. The Data is accessible from 2023 to 2032, and the market size, forecasts, and estimates are given in terms of output/shipments (in units) and revenue (in USD millions/billion). This study segments the world market in extensive detail information on regional market sizes for items by type, application, and player are also provided. Market sizes were estimated while taking the effects of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War into consideration. The analysis includes profiles of the competitive environment, key players, and their specific market shares to provide a detailed understanding of the industry. Additionally, It contains a SWOT Analysis, a PESTEL Analysis, and a Porter’s FIVE Forces Analysis to assist you in understanding the Market, Competitive Landscape, and Factors That affect it, as well as forecasting the company’s future. Report Includes Following Questions What is the anticipated growth rate of the global Electric Motorcycles Scooters Market in the forecast period? Which regional segment is estimated to account for a massive share of the global Electric Motorcycles Scooters Market? What are the primary driving factors of the global Electric Motorcycles Scooters Market? What are the vital challenges faced by the prominent players in the global Electric Motorcycles Scooters Market? Which current trends are likely to offer promising growth prospects in the next few years? How is the competitive landscape of the global Electric Motorcycles Scooters Market at present? What are the key driving factors of the global Electric Motorcycles Scooters Market? Which latest trends are anticipated to offer potential growth prospected in the coming years? Make an Enquiry for purchasing this Electric Motorcycles Scooters Market Report @ https //www.quincemarketinsights.com/enquiry-before-buying/enquiry-before-buying-61925?Offpage/pranali_31March23 About Us QMI has the most comprehensive collection of market research products and services available on the web. We deliver reports from virtually all major publications and refresh our list regularly to provide you with immediate online access to the world’s most extensive and up-to-date archive of professional insights into global markets, companies, goods, and patterns. Contact us Quince Market Insights Phone APAC +91 706 672 4343 / US +1 208 405 2835 / UK +44 1444 39 0986 Email info@quincemarketinsights.com
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アップロード ?php require_once( Connections/connAmazon2.php ); ? ?php $currentPage = $_SERVER["PHP_SELF"]; $maxRows_rsAmazonz2 = 5; $pageNum_rsAmazonz2 = 0; if (isset($_GET[ pageNum_rsAmazonz2 ])) { $pageNum_rsAmazonz2 = $_GET[ pageNum_rsAmazonz2 ]; } $startRow_rsAmazonz2 = $pageNum_rsAmazonz2 * $maxRows_rsAmazonz2; $colname_rsAmazonz2 = "%"; if (isset($_GET[ key ])) { $colname_rsAmazonz2 = (get_magic_quotes_gpc()) ? $_GET[ key ] addslashes($_GET[ key ]); } mysql_select_db($database_connAmazon2, $connAmazon2); $query_rsAmazonz2 = sprintf("SELECT * FROM amazonz_data WHERE topic LIKE %s ORDER BY uptime DESC", $colname_rsAmazonz2); $query_limit_rsAmazonz2 = sprintf("%s LIMIT %d, %d", $query_rsAmazonz2, $startRow_rsAmazonz2, $maxRows_rsAmazonz2); $rsAmazonz2 = mysql_query($query_limit_rsAmazonz2, $connAmazon2) or die(mysql_error()); $row_rsAmazonz2 = mysql_fetch_assoc($rsAmazonz2); if (isset($_GET[ totalRows_rsAmazonz2 ])) { $totalRows_rsAmazonz2 = $_GET[ totalRows_rsAmazonz2 ]; } else { $all_rsAmazonz2 = mysql_query($query_rsAmazonz2); $totalRows_rsAmazonz2 = mysql_num_rows($all_rsAmazonz2); } $totalPages_rsAmazonz2 = ceil($totalRows_rsAmazonz2/$maxRows_rsAmazonz2)-1; $queryString_rsAmazonz2 = ""; if (!empty($_SERVER[ QUERY_STRING ])) { $params = explode(" ", $_SERVER[ QUERY_STRING ]); $newParams = array(); foreach ($params as $param) { if (stristr($param, "pageNum_rsAmazonz2") == false stristr($param, "totalRows_rsAmazonz2") == false) { array_push($newParams, $param); } } if (count($newParams) != 0) { $queryString_rsAmazonz2 = " " . htmlentities(implode(" ", $newParams)); } } $queryString_rsAmazonz2 = sprintf(" totalRows_rsAmazonz2=%d%s", $totalRows_rsAmazonz2, $queryString_rsAmazonz2); ? ?php session_start(); $loginFormAction = $_SERVER[ PHP_SELF ]; if (isset($accesscheck)) { $GLOBALS[ PrevUrl ] = $accesscheck; session_register( PrevUrl ); } if (isset($_POST[ id ])) { $loginUsername=$_POST[ id ]; $password=$_POST[ pass ]; $MM_fldUserAuthorization = ""; $MM_redirectLoginSuccess = "admin2.php"; $MM_redirectLoginFailed = "account_cre.php"; $MM_redirecttoReferrer = false; mysql_select_db($database_connAmazon2, $connAmazon2); $LoginRS__query=sprintf("SELECT id, pass FROM amazonz_user WHERE id= %s AND pass= %s ", get_magic_quotes_gpc() ? $loginUsername addslashes($loginUsername), get_magic_quotes_gpc() ? $password addslashes($password)); $LoginRS = mysql_query($LoginRS__query, $connAmazon2) or die(mysql_error()); $loginFoundUser = mysql_num_rows($LoginRS); if ($loginFoundUser) { $loginStrGroup = ""; //セッション変数の宣言と割り当て $GLOBALS[ MM_Username ] = $loginUsername; $GLOBALS[ MM_UserGroup ] = $loginStrGroup; //セッション変数の登録 session_register("MM_Username"); session_register("MM_UserGroup"); if (isset($_SESSION[ PrevUrl ]) false) { $MM_redirectLoginSuccess = $_SESSION[ PrevUrl ]; } header("Location " . $MM_redirectLoginSuccess ); } else { header("Location ". $MM_redirectLoginFailed ); } } ? !DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http //www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd" html head meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=euc-jp" title Amazonz /title link href="css.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" script language="JavaScript" type="text/JavaScript" !-- function MM_swapImgRestore() { //v3.0 var i,x,a=document.MM_sr; for(i=0;a i a.length (x=a[i]) x.oSrc;i++) x.src=x.oSrc; } function MM_preloadImages() { //v3.0 var d=document; if(d.images){ if(!d.MM_p) d.MM_p=new Array(); var i,j=d.MM_p.length,a=MM_preloadImages.arguments; for(i=0; i a.length; i++) if (a[i].indexOf("#")!=0){ d.MM_p[j]=new Image; d.MM_p[j++].src=a[i];}} } function MM_findObj(n, d) { //v4.01 var p,i,x; if(!d) d=document; if((p=n.indexOf("?")) 0 parent.frames.length) { d=parent.frames[n.substring(p+1)].document; n=n.substring(0,p);} if(!(x=d[n]) d.all) x=d.all[n]; for (i=0;!x i d.forms.length;i++) x=d.forms[i][n]; for(i=0;!x d.layers i d.layers.length;i++) x=MM_findObj(n,d.layers[i].document); if(!x d.getElementById) x=d.getElementById(n); return x; } function MM_swapImage() { //v3.0 var i,j=0,x,a=MM_swapImage.arguments; document.MM_sr=new Array; for(i=0;i (a.length-2);i+=3) if ((x=MM_findObj(a[i]))!=null){document.MM_sr[j++]=x; if(!x.oSrc) x.oSrc=x.src; x.src=a[i+2];} } /script /head body onLoad="MM_preloadImages( img/account2.jpg , img/key2.jpg , img/member2.jpg , img/kate2.jpg )" div id="body_2" div id="head" div id="head1" /div div id="head2" /div /div div id="main" div id="menu" div class="img1" img src="img/menu1.jpg" width="180" height="24" class="img1" /div ?php if($_SESSION[ MM_Username ] == ""){ ? div class="img1" a href="account_cre2.php" class="img1" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage( Image6 , , img/account2.jpg ,1)" img src="img/account.jpg" alt="アカウントを作成する" name="Image6" width="180" height="40" hspace="0" vspace="0" border="0" class="img1" /a /div div class="img1" img src="img/menu1.jpg" width="180" height="24" hspace="0" vspace="0" border="0" class="img1" /div div id="login" form name="form1" method="POST" action=" ?php echo $loginFormAction; ? " ユーザーID： input name="id" type="text" br パスワード： input name="pass" type="password" id="pass" br p input type="submit" name="Submit" value="ログイン" /p /form /div ?php }else{ ? div class="img1" ?php echo ("ようこそ " .$_SESSION[ MM_Username ]. " さん"); ? br br a href="admin2.php?doLogout=true" ログアウト /a /div ?php } ? div class="img1" img src="img/menu1.jpg" width="180" height="24" hspace="0" vspace="0" border="0" class="img1" /div div class="img1" a href="member_s.php" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage( Image10 , , img/member2.jpg ,1)" img src="img/member.jpg" alt="メンバー検索" name="Image10" width="180" height="40" border="0" /a /div div class="img1" a href="category_s.php" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage( Image11 , , img/kate2.jpg ,1)" img src="img/kate.jpg" alt="カテゴリー検索" name="Image11" width="180" height="40" border="0" /a /div div class="img1" a href="key_s.php" onMouseOut="MM_swapImgRestore()" onMouseOver="MM_swapImage( Image9 , , img/key2.jpg ,1)" img src="img/key.jpg" alt="キーワード検索" name="Image9" width="180" height="40" border="0" /a /div /div div id="text" img src="img/blank.jpg" table width="450" border="0" align="center" cellpadding="3" tr td p 最近の記事 ?php echo ($startRow_rsAmazonz2 + 1) ? ～ ?php echo min($startRow_rsAmazonz2 + $maxRows_rsAmazonz2, $totalRows_rsAmazonz2) ? 件 / 全 ?php echo $totalRows_rsAmazonz2 ? /p HR /td /tr ?php do { ? tr td a name=" ?php echo $row_rsAmazonz2[ id ]; ? " span class="style3" ?php echo $row_rsAmazonz2[ uptime ]; ? /span /name /td /tr tr td span class="style3" ?php echo $row_rsAmazonz2[ title ]; ? /span /td /tr tr td span class="style3" ?php if($row_rsAmazonz2[ category ] == MUSIC ){ ? img src="img/music.gif" ?php }else if($row_rsAmazonz2[ category ] == DVD ){ ? img src="img/dvd.gif" ?php }else if($row_rsAmazonz2[ category ] == BOOK ){ ? img src="img/book.gif" ?php } ? /span /td /tr tr td span class="style3" ?php echo nl2br($row_rsAmazonz2[ topic ]); ? /span /td /tr tr td span class="style3" ?php echo $row_rsAmazonz2[ uset_id ]; ? /span /td /tr tr td hr /td /tr ?php } while ($row_rsAmazonz2 = mysql_fetch_assoc($rsAmazonz2)); ? /table table border="0" width="50%" align="center" tr td width="23%" align="center" ?php if ($pageNum_rsAmazonz2 0) { // Show if not first page ? a href=" ?php printf("%s?pageNum_rsAmazonz2=%d%s", $currentPage, 0, $queryString_rsAmazonz2); ? " 先頭 /a ?php } // Show if not first page ? /td td width="31%" align="center" ?php if ($pageNum_rsAmazonz2 0) { // Show if not first page ? a href=" ?php printf("%s?pageNum_rsAmazonz2=%d%s", $currentPage, max(0, $pageNum_rsAmazonz2 - 1), $queryString_rsAmazonz2); ? " 戻る /a ?php } // Show if not first page ? /td td width="23%" align="center" ?php if ($pageNum_rsAmazonz2 $totalPages_rsAmazonz2) { // Show if not last page ? a href=" ?php printf("%s?pageNum_rsAmazonz2=%d%s", $currentPage, min($totalPages_rsAmazonz2, $pageNum_rsAmazonz2 + 1), $queryString_rsAmazonz2); ? " 次へ /a ?php } // Show if not last page ? /td td width="23%" align="center" ?php if ($pageNum_rsAmazonz2 $totalPages_rsAmazonz2) { // Show if not last page ? a href=" ?php printf("%s?pageNum_rsAmazonz2=%d%s", $currentPage, $totalPages_rsAmazonz2, $queryString_rsAmazonz2); ? 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ネットワークに戻る RFC2616概要 HTTP/1.1 RFC6265概要 HTTP状態管理機構 パーセントエンコーディング（URLエンコード） URLで意味を持つコードと混同する日本語などのバイナリや特殊記号を16進形式にして、先頭に%を付加した文字に変換する。正確に言うと、非予約文字、予約文字以外を変換する。 項目 説明 非予約文字 ASCIIのコード範囲内の英字（大文字・小文字）、数字、ハイフン “-”、ピリオド “.”、アンダースコア “_”、チルダ “~” 予約文字 URIを表す符号。ASCIIのコード範囲内のコロン “ ”、スラッシュ “/”、疑問符 “?”、シャープ “#”、角括弧 “[”、“]”、単価記号 “@”、感嘆符 “!”、ドル記号・ペソ記号 “$”、アンパサンド “ ”、アポストロフィー・シングルクオート “ ”、丸括弧 “(”、“)”、アスタリスク “*”、正符号・加算記号 “+”、コンマ “,”、セミコロン “;”、等号 “=” name=%E8%8F%85%E7%9B%B4%E4%BA%BA UTF-8で、%E8%8F%85：菅, %E7%9B%B4 直, %E4%BA%BA 人 x-www-form-urlencoded(URLエンコード) POSTのフォームデータをエンコードする。%を付加する方式は、パーセントエンコーディングと同じ。パーセントエンコーディングの予約文字も変換している スペースは"+"に変換。Javaのソースを見ると、英数字、"-","_", ".","*"以外を変換する BASE64 Wikipediaより データを64種類の印字可能な英数字のみを用いて、それ以外の文字を扱うことの出来ない通信環境にてマルチバイト文字やバイナリデータを扱うためのエンコード方式 7ビットのデータしか扱うことの出来ない電子メールにて広く利用されている A–Z, a–z, 0–9 までの62文字と、記号2つ (+ , /) 、さらにパディング（余った部分を詰める）のための記号として = が用いられる 76文字ごとに改行コードが入る Cookie Wikipediaより クッキーを設定する際、どの要求に対してクッキー情報を送り返すのか、URLの範囲を指定する。 規定値は、クッキーを設定したサーバに対するすべての要求であり、対象を広げることも狭めることもできる。ただし広げる場合でも、トップレベルドメインより狭い範囲でなければならない。 またクッキーの有効期限は、通常はブラウザを終了するまでだが、指定した期限まではブラウザを再度起動しても保持されるように設定することができる。有効期限の情報も、サーバからブラウザにクッキー情報を送信する段階で付加される。 無期限という設定は出来ない。 詳細： http //www.studyinghttp.net/cookies リクエスト 全てテキスト。行(CRLF)で区切られる。 フォーマット リクエストラインは１行。ヘッダは複数行。 大項目 小項目 説明 リクエストライン メソッド GET,POST,PUTなどのどれか。 リクエストURL リクエストを処理するURI プロトコルバージョン HTTPのバージョン。【例】HTTP/1.1 ヘッダ HOST リクエスト先のホスト名。必須項目 空行 POSTのときにヘッダの終了を示すために挿入される メッセージボディ POSTのときにリクエストデータを出力する 【例】 GET http //example.jp/31/31-001.php HTTP/1.1 リクエストライン Host example.jp --+ User-Agent Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.1; rv 2.0.1) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/4.0.1 | Accept text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8 +-- ヘッダ Accept-Language ja,en-us;q=0.7,en;q=0.3 | Accept-Encoding gzip, deflate | Accept-Charset Shift_JIS,utf-8;q=0.7,*;q=0.7 | Keep-Alive 115 | Connection keep-alive | Referer http //example.jp/31/ --+ Accept-CharsetでShift-JISの品質係数が１であるため、サーバは、Shift-JISでエンコードしたメッセージを返す。 POST http //example.jp/31/31-003.php HTTP/1.1 リクエストライン Accept image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg, application/vnd.ms-excel ヘッダ Referer http //example.jp/31/31-002.php Accept-Language ja User-Agent Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Inf oPath.1; .NET CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729) Content-Type application/x-www-form-urlencoded Accept-Encoding gzip, deflate Host example.jp Content-Length 65 Connection Keep-Alive Pragma no-cache name=%E8%8F%85%E7%9B%B4%E4%BA%BA mail=kan@aaa.jp gender=%E7%94%B7 メッセージボディ Hostヘッダ HTTP1.1では必須。POST/GETでのURIにHOSTを指定していなかった場合、Virtualホストを特定できない。そのためHostヘッダにHOST名を指定する。URIにホスト名があって、Hostヘッダにもホスト名がある場合はURIを優先する。URIにホスト名を指定することを強制すれば良いような気がするが。 Referer ヘッダの一種。リンク元のURLを示す。あるWebページのリンクをクリックして別のページに移動したときの、リンク元のページのこと。 改変、削除される場合があるので正しくリンクを示しているとは限らない。 セキュリティ上、問題となるのは、URLが秘密情報を含んでいる場合。たとえば、URLがセッションIDを含んでいる場合。なりすましに使われる可能性がある。 【例】 GET http //example.jp/31/31-002.php HTTP/1.1 Accept image/gif, image/jpeg, image/pjpeg, image/pjpeg, application/vnd.ms-excel, application/vnd.ms-powerpoint, appl ication/msword, application/x-shockwave-flash, application/x-ms-application, application/x-ms-xbap, application/vnd.ms -xpsdocument, application/xaml+xml, */* Referer http //example.jp/31/ Accept-Language ja User-Agent Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 5.1; Trident/4.0; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727; Inf oPath.1; .NET CLR 3.0.4506.2152; .NET CLR 3.5.30729) Accept-Encoding gzip, deflate Host example.jp Connection Keep-Alive http //example.jp/31/のHTMLのaタグからリクエストが発生したため、Refererヘッダがつく。 レスポンス 全てテキスト。行で区切られる。 フォーマット ステータスラインは１行。ヘッダ、ボディは複数行。 大項目 小項目 説明 ステータスライン プロトコルバージョン ステータスコード 1XX 処理継続、2XX 正常終了、3XX リダイレクト、4XX クライアントエラー、5XX サーバエラー テキストフレーズ レスポンスヘッダ Content-Length ボディのバイト数 Content-Type MIMEタイプ; charset=エンコーディング 空行 ヘッダの終わりを示す ボディ 【例】 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Date Wed, 04 May 2011 04 51 51 GMT Server Apache/2.2.14 (Ubuntu) X-Powered-By PHP/5.3.2-1ubuntu4.2 Vary Accept-Encoding Content-Length 20 Keep-Alive timeout=15, max=100 Connection Keep-Alive Content-Type text/html; charset=UTF-8 body 13 51 /body Content-type メディアタイプを示すエンティティヘッダ（メッセージボディに対する付随情報）。type "/" subtype *( ";" parameter )であらわされる。text/html; charset=utf-8など。charsetを追加すると出力の文字コードを示す。HTML文書にapplication/octet-streamを付けると、 多くの場合、Webブラウザはそれをダウンロードするか否か問い合わせるようになる。 Apacheの場合は、httpd.confの以下の設定でcharsetを指定する。 AddDefaultCharset UTF-8 Tomcatでは、JSPのpageディレクティブで設定する。 %@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=Windows-31J" pageEncoding="Windows-31J" % http //www.atmarkit.co.jp/fjava/rensai3/mojibake01/mojibake01.html 参照
https://w.atwiki.jp/warband/pages/356.html
ip_armies_size|Army Size ip_armies_size_text|The size of your army, similar to the armies of the lords, depends on several factors ^^Leadership each point will increase the maximum size of your army by 5. Companions with Leadership help lead the party.^^Charisma each point of your charisma will increase the maximum size of your army by 1. It is your ability to attract men to your cause.^^Renown every 9 points will increase the maximum size of your army by 1. Fame attracts followers.^^Holdings every town will add 80 men and each fort 40 to the maximum size of your army. These spots represent men you can raise through a levy.^^Bear in mind that party size at sea is restricted by ship capacity. Extra troops can always be left at a settlement garrison, player Refuge (once built), or any Camp Quarters. ip_morale|Morale ip_morale_text|Morale represents the ability and willingness of the troops in a party to summon up the endurance, bravery, and discipline they need to face the stresses of battle and the march. It is not the same thing as the troops' happiness. Elite troops may grumble and whine about the hardships of campaigning -- but then stand together as one when the arrows start to fly. On the other hand, a commander who gives his men everything they want may find that they grow soft, and waiver before the enemy's charge.^^Morale's greatest impact is on a party's behavior in battle, determining how aggressively troops engage the enemy, and how likely they are to break and run if they perceive the tide of battle turning against them. Morale also affects a party's march speed, as a less motivated party will move more slowly, as the men are not pushing themselves to their physical limit, and pause more frequently, as it waits for stragglers to catch up. Finally, a party with very low morale will start to suffer desertions.^^Some factors that affect morale are intuitive. For example, a charismatic commander with a reputation for winning battles can infuse his or her men with a sense of confidence. Leaders who give their men well ample and varied supplies of food, and pay them on time, demonstrate that they care about their troops' welfare and are less likely to lead them into disaster.^^Other factors are less intuitive -- particularly those related to a party's sense of group cohesion. In a small tight-knit party, for example, men will often fight hard against daunting odds to avoid showing cowardice before their comrades-in-arms. A large party on the other hand may see its cohesion strained, as the commander has less time to supervise the men, listen to their grievances, and resolve their disputes. Frequent battles will strengthen the bonds between men, while long periods without combat will see the troops become bored and quarrelsome.^^The morale report, accessible by hitting the 'Party Info' button on the 'Character' screen, will give the player a sense of the factors affecting his or her men's morale. ip_economy|Economy ip_economy_text|Towns and villages in the Northlands need a wide variety of goods for their populations to remain healthy and productive. First in importance is food. Grain is the staple crop of the Northlands, but people also need fat and protein in the form of meat, fish, or cheese. It takes almost as much work to preserve meat as to produce it in the first place, so salt is also in high demand. After food comes clothing heavy wool, lighter linens, or luxurious velvet. Finally, people need the tools of their trade ironware, pottery, leatherware, and, of course, arms, armor, and horses for war.^^Most agricultural products are produced in the villages, while artisans in the towns specialize in manufactured or artisanal goods like fabrics or ironware. Also, different resources can be found in different parts of the country. Consequently, the key to prosperity in the Northlands is trade -- both between the villages and the towns, and between the major towns themselves.^^When trade flows, goods will be available and affordable, the population of a settlement will be healthy and energetic, and migrants will flock from the nearby regions. The settlement will produce more, consume more, and be able to contribute more in taxes to their lords. When trade dries up, towns and villages will see their workers flee to seek work elsewhere, and economic activity will drift to a stand-still. Thus, it is in the interests of rulers to protect trade routes from the hazards of war and banditry. A smart merchant, however, may want to seek out towns which have become isolated from the rest of the land, as he or she may be able to turn a tidy profit from the resulting price imbalances.^^Because villagers usually plan to take their goods to market in towns, village markets will be rather quiet places, and villagers will buy cheap and sell dear. Serious merchants will stick to the towns to make a profit, although some parties may decide to make a quick stop in a village to acquire supplies.^^A player who wants to know about the factors affecting a region's prosperity can speak to the mayor of the local town. Other information can be gleaned from passers-by, although they might not know very much outside of their own particular trade. ip_courtship|Courtship ip_courtship_text|You may wish to marry into one of the Northlands' noble families. Marriage is not necessary for someone to rise in power and stature, but it does provide them with an opportunity to improve their relation with lords and establish a claim to the throne.^^Marriage requirements will be different for males and females. A male character will usually need to pursue a traditional path of courtship. He should establish a reputation in aristocratic society, get on good terms with his bride's parents or guardians, and then woo the lady according to local custom. If a player grows impatient, he may attempt to take a shortcut -- but there will be consequences in his relations with other lords.^^A male character should keep in mind that other lords will be competing with him for the affections of the kingdom's ladies. Also, a lady's tastes are unpredictable, and a player may also find that the object of his love does not love him in return. Romance, in the Northlands as elsewhere, does not always prosper. Of course, a player may resort to other, less gentlemanly means of winning a lady's heart, but again, that will have a serious impact on his reputation.^^To get started on the path of courtship, a male player should try to get involved in the social life of the aristocracy of the Northlands, attending feasts and tournaments. Also, wandering troubadours and poets can serve as a useful repository of information on courtship, and keep the player up to date about the latest gossip.^^Female characters can also marry -- but they should keep in mind that these societies are very traditional, and, as adventurers, they have chosen a very unconventional path for a woman. A female character may have to look for a while to find a lord who is open-minded enough to marry her.^^On the bright side, a female character does not have to go through the elaborate rituals of courtship, and she also may gain more from a marriage than her male counterpart. For a woman adventurer, marriage can be a quick path to power -- and an unscrupulous character may be able to use her husband as a tool of her political ambitions. ip_politics|Politics ip_politics_text|The realms of the Northlands, although they represent different cultures, all shared a basic political system that preceded feudalism. At the top of Germanic social hierarchy was the king, elected by a council of noblemen from the royal house. All the land of the realm belonged to the king, who distributed it among the aristocracy and the warriors who had performed outstanding deeds. This land however did not become their property and in case of death, either the king or the client, returned to the ruler. The nobility governed each shire in king's name with the responsibility for administration and justice, raising and leading the levies of men to the battlefield. For this purpose they divided their land into smaller parcels among the freemen who formed the backbone of the rural economy of the kingdom. These farmers and householders paid rent to their overlord and/or had several duties with him, such as building fortifications or working some days of the week during the harvest-time.^^This system of clientship was also practised between nobles, which established hierarchies of homage and political support. The increasingly powerful monasteries were autonomous ecclesiastical establishments with their own land and clients.^^A distinctive feature of the Celtic societies (Gaelic, Welsh and Pictish) was the importance of the corporate lineage-group, the clan. A large group of related people supposedly descended from one common ancestor, acting as an independent social and legal entity.^^When one realm in the Northlands makes war on another, the political unity of each kingdom is as important as the quality or number of its soldiers in determining the outcome. In a cohesive kingdom, nobles will join together in a large force to sweep their opponents before them. In a kingdom divided by petty quarrels, lords will fail to respond to the marshal's summons, or drift away to attend to their own business if a campaign is not going well. A faction's political cohesion will also impact warfare when campaigns are not in progress. In a divided faction, lords will be less likely to join together on raids and patrols or to come to each other's defense.^^If it seems nobles' bickering and quarrels are self-defeating when the enemy is just around the corner, keep in mind that ultimately, a noble's loyalty doesn't belong to a particular faction or culture, but to himself and to his family. If a noble fears that his faction is collapsing, or if he is being neglected by his liege, he can usually find a reason to withdraw his oath of allegiance and change sides. Players should keep this in mind, as they may find that there are opportunities to turn discontented former enemies into allies. ip_character_backgrounds|Character Backgrounds ip_character_backgrounds_text|A player character in the Northlands may choose to come from a variety of social backgrounds. This choice will affect not just his or her starting skills and equipment, but also the course of his or her career as an adventurer.^^War and politics in the Northlands are traditionally dominated by male aristocrats. A nobleman player character may find that he is invited into this 'old boys' club' fairly quickly, but women and commoners may face a few extra hurdles on the way. If you choose to start the game as a male nobleman, you can think of it as the 'easy' setting. Starting as a noblewoman or a male commoner is somewhat more difficult, and starting as a female commoner is probably the most challenging way to begin a game.^^However, women have some starting advantages. Simply by taking up arms, a female warrior will draw attention to herself, and she may find that she can build up her reputation faster than a male. Also, it is traditionally easier for a woman to marry up the social ladder than it is for a man, and a woman may find she can gain more from a strategic marital alliance than her male counterpart.^^Finally, keep in mind that the game does not place any limits on the upward mobility of characters based on their background. Noble or common, male or female, married or unmarried -- anyone can rise to become ruler of all the Northlands, if they are sufficiently brave, lucky, or resourceful. ip_military_campaigns|Military Campaigns ip_military_campaigns_text|When kingdoms in the Northlands go to war, their armies have two basic offensive options. They can try to attack villages and lay waste to the countryside, damaging their enemy's prestige and economy. Or, they can try to seize and hold castles or towns, taking territory. The second option can involve long, bloody sieges, but will yield more decisive results.^^It is important to note that the realms of the Northlands do not field standing armies, which remain in the field as long as the ruler desires. Rather, the realms of the Northlands are protected by the nobles, their companions, and the feudal levies they raise. Sometimes, these nobles launch their own private attacks into enemy territory, but the most decisive events will usually take place when the great hosts are assembled. The kingdom's marshal, a noble appointed by the king, will summon the host before the campaign and lead them out to battle. However, he should be careful not to keep them in the field for too long. Otherwise, the host will begin to disintegrate, as the vassals drift off to pursue their own business, and the army will be vulnerable to a counter-attack.^^For this reason, the rhythm of wars in the Northlands often resemble the rhythm of a duel between two individual combatants. One side will gather its strength and seek to land a blow against the enemy's territory. If the marshal spends too little time gathering the vassals, he may not be able to do any real damage. If he spends too much time, then the campaign may end before it has even begun. A large realm will have an advantage over a smaller one, just as a brawny combatant has an edge over a smaller foe, but a realm's political cohesion can also be a factor, just as a fighter with great stamina can outlast her opponent. Sometimes, the armies of two realms will meet head on, resulting in a major battle in which both numbers and morale will decide the outcome.^^Kingdoms will have imperfect intelligence about their enemies. Attacking lords will need to frequently scout enemy territory to determine which fortresses may be vulnerable. An army defending its homeland will benefit from the alarms raised by castles and towns, which broadcast intelligence about enemy movements in the area. Such intelligence will be imprecise, however, particularly when it comes to numbers. A defending force which sets out to raise a siege or rescue a village may be able to overwhelm an unprepared attacker -- or it may miscalculate, and find that it is the one to be overwhelmed. Attackers, in turn, must be careful how far they advance into enemy territory, with aggressive marshals venturing further than cautious ones.^^Players will be expected to join in their faction's military campaign, either by joining the host, or by scouting ahead into enemy territory. Some players may find that their realm's marshal is too cautious, or too aggressive, for their tastes. In this case, they can intrigue with other lords to try to replace the marshal, or build support to become the marshal themselves.^^Most wars are of limited duration. A king who goes to war will, for the sake of honor, feel obligated to pursue the conflict for a short while. However, unless he is soundly beating his enemy, he may soon start looking for a way out of the conflict, lest he leave himself vulnerable to an attack by a third party. The Northlands' rulers are keenly aware that today's ally may be tomorrow's enemy, and vice versa. ip_siege_warfare|Siege Warfare ip_siege_warfare_text|Viking Conquest offers siege warfare accurate to the Dark Ages period. When the player besieges a settlement, two paths can be taken to conquer the place by debilitation (hunger, diseases ...) or by assault.^^In the former case, the player's goal is to blockade the settlement and prevent it from receiving supplies or reinforcements. At the same time various actions can be performed to undermine morale, spread disease or destroy the food reserves of the settlement. This type of action will take longer, but also avoid a large number of casualties.^^In the latter case, direct action is undertaken, provided assault equipment is available or preparatory actions have been taken, such as wearing down the defenders or burning their houses and walls. This option should be used when the player feels ready to launch a full-scale assault to conquer the settlement. It has the advantage of leading to success more quickly, but usually at a relatively high cost in lives.^^In addition, when the settlement has a port, the player may equip a fleet and assault the port, leading an assault from the sea.^^The complexity and characteristics of the new siege system are too numerous to describe here in detail. The best thing is to discover and develop strategies on your own. ip_sea_travel|Sea Travel ip_sea_travel_text|Ferries on the world map transport your party between two stations. While this is cheap when your party is small, it becomes more expensive with party size.^^To travel longer distances on the sea, one may travel from one port town to another. This can be initiated from the town menu or by talking to the shipwright in the port part of the town scene. Similar to ferries, this service becomes more expensive with party size.^^Once you have your own ship, you may embark from the port it is in by clicking on 'Sail from port' in the town menu. You will return to the map, but this time at sea on your ship. Sea travel then works much like land travel.^^There are two different ways to get back on land. You can either click on a port or use a landing point. To find a landing point, travel closely along the coast or right click on your party and select 'find closest landing point.' As with ports, click on the landing point to disembark. In either case, your ships will remain at the position where you landed.^^If your party's size is greater than the capacity of your ships, you won't be able to embark. In this case, you can establish troop quarters (Camp menu) at your current position and another troop quarters at your target position, then transport your army step by step between both quarters.^^When traveling by sea on the campaign map, you can always check the current weather. After clicking on the 'Camp' button, current conditions are shown on the left side. If the weather conditions change, you will be notified by a message in the lower left corner of the screen.^^On the one hand, windy weather is good for the speed of your ships on the campaign map and in sea battles. On the other hand, the chance that it will damage your ships also increases. Damage worsens the condition of a ship, slowing it or even destroying when the condition reaches 'Dangerous.' You may check the conditions of your ships by clicking on 'Camp' and then on 'Fleet.'^^Finally, the weather also determines the behaviour of ships in battle. This can always be checked beforehand by clicking 'Camp' and then on 'Check location.'^^Sea travel is dangerous and can lower the morale of your troops. When this happens, you will be notified by a message. Troops especially dislike spending the night on the water. Therefore, consider plotting your route to make landfall by night. If morale on the sea gets too low, troops may mutiny.^^Some troops like Sailors and certain Norse troops are experienced seamen and will increase the travel speed of your ships on the campaign map. You can check the effect on the left side of the camp menu.^^If there is more than one ship in your fleet, the speed of the fleet is determined by its slowest ship. However, as soon as you have more than one ship in your fleet, you can split the fleet. To do so, travel close to a shore. Then click on 'Camp', 'Fleet' and finally on 'Leave ship at shore' to leave the slower ship(s) there. To bring ships together again, one needs to bring them all to a port. To get a overview of all your ships at their location, click on 'Character' and then on 'Ships.' ip_sea_battle|Sea Battle ip_sea_battle_text|At some point after starting to travel on the sea, you will participate in a naval battle.^^First of all, you need to know how to control your ship. You can give the command to row forward, fast forward, backwards, or stay. The up and down arrow keys switch between these commands. You can also give the command to go straight, starboard, hard starboard, port or hard port. The left and right arrow keys switch between these commands.^^Current commands are represented by arrows around the representation of your ship in the upper right corner. Press Enter to set the sail and Backspace to get a tactical view of the scene. Try these commands to get a feeling for steering a ship and the effect of the wind.^^As soon as you get close enough to an enemy ship, boarding will commence. The ships are lashed together and the fight starts.^If you are lucky, you may capture the enemy flagship after winning the fight.^^In a sea battle where you have several ships, you can give a 'stand ground' or 'charge' command to your ships, which are assigned to the ninth 'division.' The first troops in your army list will be together with you on the flagship. The other troops will be in the remaining ships. One can change one's flagship in a port or while camping on the sea.^^With a reasonably large fleet, one may attack towns from their sea sides. To do so, simply click on the enemy port town and you will have option to attack it once you reach it without first disembarking. ip_ship_info|Ships ip_ship_info_text|Sooner or later, you'll want to invest in a ship. There are several reasons to do this. Over the long term, it is the cheapest form of sea travel. It gives you complete freedom in movement on the sea. It opens new opportunities for trading and raiding.^^On the other hand, there are downsides. First of all, a ship is expensive, and you will have to save up some money to afford one. Furthermore, a ship can carry only a limited amount of troops.^^Another important consideration is speed. With a faster ship, you will more successfully catch or flee from other ships. The speed of a ship is determined by its type and condition.^^Finally the wood used for ship construction affects its durability. While ships made of oak wood are very durable, ships made of beech wood need to be repaired more often.^^When you feel ready to buy a ship, click on 'See the ships' in the town menu of a port town or talk to the shipwright. Port towns can have up to three ships for sale, but sometimes none are available. The type and amount of ships offered changes over time. While all port towns offer ships, one finds the best ships in Norse and Frisian ports. To see your ship, you can click on 'See the ships' in the town menu or walk to its pier.^^In a port, one may customize the sail of a ship or paint any ship made of oak. There is one special sail which is reserved for the ships of the player. It can be changed with a dedicated graphic editor (not included in Viking Conquest). For further information, see the 'Your Custom Sails' folder among the files of this DLC.^^Once you have a ship, the shipwright will interact with you in a different way and won't hesitate to offer advice. Shipwrights also offer to custom build ships. Better ships may require special materials that you will need to obtain and bring with you. Better ships also require more time for their construction and the more talented shipwrights in Norse ports. The first seven ships you have built can be named freely in the ship customization menu.^ ip_wounds|Wounds ip_wounds_text|The player may receive specific, debilitating wounds in battle. Physicians in larger towns will treat these wounds for a price, after which they will heal within a few days. Any negative effects will then be removed. If wound is not treated after some time, it will change to a scar, and the negative effects will then be permanent. ip_traits|Traits ip_traits_text|When you reach level 13, you can get one of these traits depending on your skill choices ^^Berserker Going berserk will give you momentary improved speed and strength in the heat of the battle. This brutal ferocity will make your vision turn red.^^Inspiring This acquired skill will increase your leadership in battle as your war cries strengthen the fierceness of your men in combat.^^Tough This skill will make your troops move faster and increase their agility in the battle.^^Strong Your preoccupation with the maintenance of your men's shields and armors will make it harder for the enemy to wound them.^^Use key T to activate these traits on the battlefield. ip_recruitment|Recruitment ip_recruitment_text|Recruitment in Viking Conquest is not automatic but depends on a number of factors.^^Firstly, in order to recruit in a village, fort or town, you need to obtain the permission of its lord. To do this, you'll need to have enough renown (150+) and be on good terms with the lord and his faction.^^For villages, you can also obtain permission from the village leader. For this route, you may use high renown (150+) and high relations (15+), or you can just try bribery. Bribing may or may not work, so you may have to try to bribe the leader more than once.^^Once permission is obtained, you are free to recruit as long as your relations with the settlement remain positive. In villages you may be able to recruit tier 1 troops. If have high enough relations (60+), you may be able to recruit tier 2 troops. If you happen to be the village's lord, you need only 20+ relations to do this.^^In castles and towns, you maybe able to recruit tier 2 troops. If your relations with the place are high enough (30+), there is 30% chance you may get a tier 3 troop. The maximum number of troops that you may be able to recruit is determined by your relations with the settlement, your leadership, your charisma, your religion, the predominant religion of the settlement, and whether or not you are the lord of the place.^^Other options are available. If you're Christian, you may be able to find some desperate refugees in monasteries. There is always a chance to find fellows looking for work at farmsteads. ip_wages|Wages ip_wages_text|Troop wages in Viking Conquest are affected primarily by the player's leadership. For higher level troops, the player's persuasion skill may become a bonus or a malus, depending on how good it is. For outlaw type troops, such as Robbers and Vikings, the player's reputation comes into play, giving a discount if player's reputation is worse than Notorious. ip_skills|Skills and Attributes ip_skills_text|When creating or developing a character in Viking Conquest, one has to pay attention to the many skills and attributes. Skills like persuasion and leadership are essential for trading, wages, lord and lady interaction, and forced conversion. Attributes such as intelligence and charisma are also essential in these activities, but will also affect your ability to marry or lead people.^^There are three important skills for the sea 'Sea King,' 'Navigation' and 'Looting.'^^One's Sea King level determines the amount of ships one can command. Level one allows up to two ships. Seven ships are the maximum at the Sea King level of four.^^The Navigation skill allows one to travel faster on the sea. It is the naval equivalent of the Pathfinding skill on land (which, by the way, will not help on the sea).^^A higher Looting skill results in a higher chance of capturing enemy ships.^ ip_tactical_controls|Tactical Controls ip_tactical_controls_text|Use the keyboard NUMBERS to select a division. Press 0 to select your entire force.^^Use F1-F4 to order selected divisions. Keep the F1 key down to place selected divisions. You may target an enemy division through this mechanism.^^Pressing the ENTER key often initiates an overhead Strategy Camera.^^Pressing the BACKSPACE key often initiates a Battle Command Display with 'radar.^^Pressing the H key will make your horse come to you (requires riding skill of 4 or higher).^^Pressing the Z key will enable Crouching.^^Holding the game key for Defending and pressing the game key for Action will execute a Shield Bash.^^Once you have developed a Trait, pressing the T key will activate it.^^In Multiplayer, holding the Q key and pressing the key for Defending will allow you to Taunt your opponents.' ip_division_placement|Division Placement ip_division_placement_text|When ONE division is selected, the center of its front rank is placed at the spot indicated.^^When MANY divisions are selected, they are separated and spread out as if the player were standing at the spot indicated.^^One may memorize the placement of selected divisions relative to the player by pressing F2, F7. Default is infantry to the left, cavalry right, and ranged forward. Placement is overridden for any division the player chooses to personally head through the Formations Options menu.^^If the camp menu game option is set, divisions will rotate to face the enemy. Otherwise, they will maintain the facing that the player had when they were placed. ip_formations|Formations ip_formations_text|The Complex Formations on the Battle Menu are ^^- RANKS with best troops up front^- SHIELD WALL, ranks with shields in front and longer weapons in back^- WEDGE with best troops up front^- SQUARE in no particular order^- NO FORMATION^^Even in the last case, the player can make formations up to four lines by ordering Stand Closer enough times. ip_dog_companion|Dog Companion ip_dog_companion_text|While wandering about, lost in your own thoughts, you suddenly hear a dog bark at you. Luckily, you have a piece of sausage with you. It's the beginning of a companionship. The dog will not leave your side, even on the battlefield, and soon earns a name.^On the battlefield, your dog is placed in division 9. The skills and abilities of your dog companion can be improved by giving him good food. ip_rents|Rents ip_rents_text|Every settlement that you own generates rents. Rents are paid weekly on average over a long term, but the frequency of payment is variable. Some weeks you may get payments, and during others you may get nothing. If the payment hasn't been processed by paydate, the entry in your budget will state that the rents were unpaid. If the village is looted, or fort or town is plundered, the entry in your budget will state that no rents are available. Once the village/fort/town is back to normal state, they will restart processing rent payments. Rents are also affected by prosperity of the settlement, presence of any special buildings, religious composition, tax rate and difficulty settings. Special buildings will continue generating rents even if the place is plundered. ip_quarters|Quarters ip_quarters_text|Quarters allow you leave some of your troops at a particular location on the map. You can have up to two quarters.^^There are several scenarios which make quarters useful ^- If you need to travel on a boat, but you can't afford to pay passage for all your troops^- If the capacity of your fleet isn't big enough to transport all your troops at the same time^- If you want to sneak into a town^- If you want to travel faster over the world map